The diversion dam is a sort of storage weir which also diverts water and has a small storage. A diversion dam is usually of low height and has a small storage reservoir on its upstream. Such shorter dams are used for irrigation, and for diversion from a stream to a distant storage reservoir. They provide sufficient pressure for pushing water into ditches, canals, or other conveyance systems. Storage dams are the most common type of dams and in general the dam means a storage dam unless qualified otherwise.ĭiversion dams: A diversion dam is constructed for the purpose of diverting water of the river into an off-taking canal (or a conduit). They may store water for hydroelectric power generation, irrigation or for a flood control project. Storage dams may also provide a water supply, or improved habitat for fish and wildlife. Many small dams impound the spring runoff for later use in dry summers. Storage dams: They are constructed to store water during the rainy season when there is a large flow in the river. But most usual ways of classification of dams are mentioned below: Based on the functions of dam, it can be classified as follows: The dam is built while the river flows through the diversion tunnel.ĭams can be classified in number of ways. Diversion Tunnel: Tunnel constructed to divert or change the direction of water to bypass the dam construction site.Dead Storage level: Level of permanent storage below which the water will not be withdrawn.Free board: The space between the highest level of water in the reservoir and the top of the dam.Sluice way: Opening in the dam near the base, provided to clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir.These may also be used to accommodate the instrumentation for studying the performance of dam. These are generally provided for having space for drilling grout holes and drainage holes. Gallery: Level or gently sloping tunnel like passage (small room like space) at transverse or longitudinal within the dam with drain on floor for seepage water.Abutments: The valley slopes on either side of the dam wall to which the left & right end of dam are fixed to.Spillway: It is the arrangement made (kind of passage) near the top of dam for the passage of surplus/ excessive water from the reservoir.Toe: Portion of dam in contact with ground or river-bed at downstream side.Heel: Portion of Dam in contact with ground or river-bed at upstream side.Parapet walls: Low Protective walls on either side of the roadway or walkway on the crest.These may in some cases be used for providing a roadway or walkway over the dam. Different parts & terminologies of Dams:Ĭrest: The top of the Dam. As such, Dam can be classified as: Single-purpose and Multipurpose Dam. Dams may be built to meet the one of the above purposes or they may be constructed fulfilling more than one. These purposes may be Irrigation, Hydropower, Water-supply, Flood Control, Navigation, Fishing and Recreation. A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes.
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